Chile has established itself as one of the world's leading suppliers of minerals essential for the manufacturing of modern weaponry, according to 2025 data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS).
The report reveals that the South American nation leads global production of rhenium, with a 37% market share, and copper, accounting for 23% of the world market.
This group of metals—which includes aluminum, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements—is vital for the production of defense technology, according to the list of 12 critical elements outlined by NATO.
China maintains absolute dominance over the supply chain for these resources. The Asian powerhouse is the primary producer of 47% of the metals analyzed, leading with 100% of global gallium production and 79% of tungsten.
Applications in Military Technology
The demand for these materials is driven by the increasing complexity of modern combat systems. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), modern battle tanks require neodymium, yttrium, and erbium sensors to enhance situational awareness.
Similarly, high-tech aircraft such as the F-35 rely on vast quantities of rare earth elements. The fighter jet's engine utilizes titanium structures and nickel superalloys to operate under extreme conditions.
In the naval sector, the construction of warships requires large volumes of aluminum, iron, steel, and copper for hulls and superstructures.
Other key players in this market include South Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which also lead production in specific elements. Meanwhile, the United States stands out only in beryllium production, with a 53% share, while Australia leads lithium supply at 32%.
